Mold-Related Illnesses

Molds are microscopic fungi found all around us. They thrive mainly in damp, poorly ventilated environments. There are many species of mold, the most common being Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, and Stachybotrys (often called “black mold”). These fungi release spores into the air, and can be found in dust both at home and in the workplace. These tiny particles are invisible to the naked eye and can be linked to numerous health problems. From allergies and respiratory infections to effects on the neurological system, there are quite a few mold-related illnesses. This article provides an overview of what they are and how to prevent them.

Health risks related to mold

By producing irritants and even toxic substances, mold can have varying degrees of impact on human health.

Allergy symptoms

Allergies are the most common reaction to mold exposure. Depending on your level of sensitivity, you can have a variety of allergic reactions when you inhale the spores released by mold, including:

• Sneezing
• Nasal congestion
• Itchy eyes and nose
• Persistent runny nose.

Symptoms are similar to those of allergic rhinitis (hay fever), and are often aggravated by the persistent presence of mold in the environment.

Respiratory symptoms

Highly sensitive individuals such as people suffering from asthma may report respiratory symptoms in addition to allergic symptoms. In these cases, mold exposure can trigger:

• Cough
• Wheezing
• Feeling of shortness of breath
• Aggravated asthma (asthma exacerbation).

These symptoms can be particularly dangerous, especially in the elderly, young children or people with chronic respiratory problems or immunodeficiency. If you notice a deterioration in your health as a result of these symptoms, consult a health professional.

Respiratory infections and serious complications

While most people will experience only a mild allergic reaction, some molds, such as Aspergillus, can lead to more serious health problems. These infections occur particularly in people with weakened immune systems. Pulmonary aspergillosis is one of the most common. It can cause severe symptoms such as:

• Fever
• Chest pain
• Cough that produces a thick, sometimes bloody mucus.

In the most severe cases, it can lead to respiratory failure, requiring urgent hospitalization. Fungal infections caused by mold spores may also reach the sinuses, leading to chronic, antibiotic-resistant sinusitis.

Who's at risk?

The effects of mold vary from one individual to another. Some people are more vulnerable than others:

• Children Elderly people
• People with asthma
• Individuals with allergies
• Immunocompromised individuals.

For these groups, exposure to mold can have more serious consequences, ranging from acute asthma attacks to severe infections. To prevent mold, keep your home's humidity levels in check.

When should you consult a healthcare professional?

If you suspect mold-related health problems, consult a health care professional immediately. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can prevent serious complications from mold exposure.

Preventing and eliminating mold

Using indoor air dehumidifiers and regularly checking moisture-prone areas (such as basements and attics) can limit the risks. In the event of a serious mold infestation, it is safer and more efficient to call in a qualified professional to remove the mold.